Access to new medicines process

This explainer describes the processes that decide whether NHS services in England will pay for patients to receive new medicines, from their initial development and testing to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) appraisal of their cost-effectiveness, and negotiations between the NHS and pharmaceutical companies that can be required to agree prices. It also explores how much the NHS spends on new medicines, and how policy-makers seek to shape and control this spending, as well as what uptake of new medicines looks like in practice.

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